Diet is always the most important in terms of a healthy body, but exercise can be a great addition to help sculpt your body. Unfortunately, a good majority of individuals exercise regularly but don't see results, and may even end up gaining more fat than what they started with - no bueno!
Here are crucial tips, powered by HealthyBot, on how to optimize fitness to increase fat burning and help you reach your body composition goals:


Build muscle

To put it simply, you want as much muscle as you can because muscle is what increases your metabolism. The more muscle you have, the more calories you will burn at any given time. Gain muscle and minimize muscle loss by adding strength training exercises to your workout routine.
This could be any variation of strength training: yoga, barre, pilates, heavy lifting, etc. Another benefit of strength training is that it will cause you to continue to burn more calories even after the strength session is over.

Real Life Example: I had two female patients one day. One was 130 lbs and had 18% body fat and her resting metabolic rate was 1450 (resting metabolic rate is the bare minimum amount of calories you will burn in a day) which means her body was mostly muscle. The second patient was 170 lbs and had 47% body fat (meaning about half of her body was fat) and her resting metabolic rate was 1150. This means that even though the 130 lbs patient weighed 40 lbs LESS, because she was mostly muscle and very low fat, she burned about 300 calories more per day than the patient with almost 50% fat.

To put this in perspective, to burn 300 calories it would take about an hour of exercise. This is an example of why you want to build and preserve muscle because it is what will determine how many calories you burn daily. 


Say no to steady-state cardio

This type of exercise is really a waste of time in terms of weight loss. It is inefficient because it leads to muscle wasting rather than muscle building and you really don't burn many calories from it. With steady-state cardio you also stop burning calories once you stop the exercise - this is unlike high intensity interval training or strength training which causes you to continue burning calories for hours after the workout.

Note: Any type of cardio is good for your heart, stress relief, and improved mood - however not good for weight loss.


10,000 steps per day

This means you are moving around more so than sitting, those little movements everyday will add up to you burning more calories. Even just standing rather than sitting will activate more muscles and cause you to burn more calories. Aim to get up and move around at least once an hour,  if you subtract 8 hours of sleep, this means you have 16 hours to move. Increase walks throughout the day by walking 10 minutes around the block before work, walking at least 10 minutes at lunch time, and walking after dinner for at least 10 minutes - walking after eating also helps with digestion, another added benefit!

Real life example: All the time I have patients come back from vacation saying they walked a lot but barely did any other exercise and definitely did not follow a healthy diet. More often than not, they end up losing fat and gaining or maintaining muscle. How does this happen?! Well, when you are on vacation you tend to be moving around more, you are constantly on the go, and you are walking all over the place.

Don't underestimate the power of walking and movement, it really can make a big difference. Another reason can be due to a more relaxed state and less cortisol production while you are on vacation. Elevated cortisol comes from too much exercise and/or too much stress, and cortisol favors muscle breakdown and fat accumulation. Good reason to book your next vacation!


HIIT

High intensity interval training (aka HIIT) means you are doing short bursts of exercise followed by short periods of rest. HIIT has shown to be the most efficient and effective form of exercise because it helps you to build muscle and burn more calories even after the workout is done, and is under 30 minutes.

This should be done every 48-72 hours, maximum 3x per week because too much high intensity back-to-back doesn't allow your body to rebuild itself and can lead to muscle breakdown and loss - which you know from above is the last thing you want for your metabolism.


Mix it up

Doing different types of exercise means your body is never able to adapt to a workout and keeps your body guessing. Mix up your workouts weekly or every 2-3 weeks. If you continue to do the exact same exercises for longer than a few weeks, your body gets really good at doing these exercises and is not challenged anymore because it knows what to expect. When your body goes on autopilot and is no longer challenged, it will stop burning as many calories.


Rest

Give your body at least one day off from exercise per week, it needs this rest time to heal and rebuild muscle. Also too much exercise will cause high levels of cortisol in your body. High levels of cortisol in your body favors fat accumulation and muscle wasting - not a good combo!
On your rest day(s) walking and stretching is still great - a rest day does not mean you have to sit on the couch all day.


Sleep

Sleep is so important because it is when your body rebuilds and makes muscle. It is absolutely necessary for muscle growth and the prevention of muscle breakdown. Someone who is exercising regularly will need more sleep than someone who does not exercise - good excuse to sleep in!
Exercise will also allow you to sleep better, and is one of the best ways to increase the quality of your sleep - just make sure you are done exercising at least 2 hours before you want to go to sleep because exercise revs you up and makes you alert, which is the last thing you want before you try to sleep.


About the author: Sarah-Kate Rems is an Ivy-league trained Board-Certified Family Nurse Practitioner licensed in California and New York State with an expertise in preventative healthcare. She considers nutrition and exercise to be the basis of well-being and is a strong advocate for daily physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet. Sarah-Kate is also a co-founder of The Mindful Tech Lab

Who doesn’t love brunch? Just because you are eating healthy doesn’t mean you have to skip your weekly brunch with friends! It’s all about making the right choices so that you can enjoy a meal outside of your kitchen once and a while.
​
Here are the best choices for brunch that you should be able to find one or more of on any brunch menu:


Appetizer

Bowl of fruit - Go for the melon and/or berries which have the lowest sugar. Fruits with the greatest amount of sugar include tropical fruits such as banana, pineapple, mango - go easy on these tropical fruits.


Main Course

Eggs benedict - Request for some greens to serve as the “bun” for the eggs and skip the english muffin. Also ask for hollandaise on the side - restaurants typically smother your eggs in so much hollandaise that you can't even taste the rest of the meal. Take back the control and ask for this on the side.

Egg omelette - With lots of veggies. Again skip the breakfast potatoes or toast. If you are extra hungry then add some more fat in the form of avocado, guacamole, or cheese, or consider adding another protein like ground turkey if this is an option.

Egg white omelette - If you are not feeling egg yolks, this is also a great option. Ask to have it made with lots of veggies and hold the breakfast potatoes. Egg whites have zero fat so consider bulking them up with healthy fat such as avocado, guacamole, or cheese (if you can tolerate).

Scrambled eggs - With lots of veggies. Depending how hungry you are, you could consider adding avocado, guacamole, or cheese for some extra fat or another serving of protein such as turkey. Note: be weary of sausage or bacon which are processed meats and may also have had sugar added to them.

Eggs - When in doubt, order a side of 3-4 eggs. Poached is best because the eggs are cooked in water without any added oil.

Oatmeal - PLAIN. No added raisins/maple syrup/brown sugar/honey/agave etc. Berries are ok. This is your choice only if you are really craving something carb heavy or sweet, and if you are between this and ordering the stack of pancakes. Add some cinnamon on top to blunt the blood sugar increase that comes with eating carbs.


Drink

Prosecco - Mimosas are over-rated. Why waste any of that tiny flute space on some high sugar syrupy, over-processed orange juice? Prosecco has enough sweetness in itself, but if you must, ask for just a splash of OJ.

Dry white wine - “dry” is code for low sugar. Under all circumstances go for the drier wines such as sauvignon blanc and chardonnay. Stay away from riesling or white zinfandel tend to basically be grape juice.

Dry rose - Rose in general is pretty sweet. so a dry rose may be hard to find, but still worth asking if the restaurant has one available.


About the author: Sarah-Kate Rems is an Ivy-league trained Board-Certified Family Nurse Practitioner licensed in California and New York State with an expertise in preventative healthcare. She considers nutrition and exercise to be the basis of well-being and is a strong advocate for daily physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet. Sarah-Kate is also a co-founder of The Mindful Tech Lab

Have you ever heard of a ketogenic diet? A ketogenic diet means your body is using ketones for energy production rather than sugar. Ketones are an alternative fuel source for the body, and are produced when eating a high fat and low carbohydrate diet. This type of diet is called "ketogenic" because your body is in a state of "ketosis" meaning fueled by ketones rather than sugar (aka glucose).

Here are 9 reasons why you want your body to be fueled by ketones instead of sugar:

1. You literally burn your own fat for energy
Your body can run on either glucose or ketones. Which would you choose? Well, when you look at what this actually means: Glucose is produced from the breakdown of glycogen (strings of glucose), this means you are burning glycogen to produce fuel for your body. Ketones on the other hand are produced from the breakdown of fat (fatty acids), this means you are literally burning your own fat stores to produce energy. You can make ketones from eating very low carb (sub 50 net carbs), fasting, or consuming a product that can induce or supply the production of ketones (such as MCT oil).


2. No more “Hangry”
You know that feeling when are so starving that every little thing is irritating, and you need to eat right. NOW? Terrible feeling right? Blame the carbs! After a blood sugar spike from eating carbs, this will trigger insulin whose job is to get that sugar out of your blood as fast as it can (because sugar in your blood is toxic and inflammatory), resulting in an even lower blood sugar than you started with. Low blood sugar (aka hypoglycemia) is that terrible anxiousness you are feeling. No bueno! And how do you make that feeling go away the fastest? Eating sugar. And the vicious cycle continues.

Fat is the only macronutrient that won't raise blood sugar, and therefore won't spike insulin. Yes, that means protein can also raise blood sugar when eaten in excess. That is why a ketogenic diet favors a higher fat and moderate protein intake.


3. Ketones favor less mental stress
The presence of ketones increases the production of the primary calm inducing neurotransmitter, GABA, while at the same time decreasing the primary stress inducing neurotransmitter, Glutamate. Ketones do this by assisting in the conversion of glutamate to GABA in the brain, thereby favoring a more calming state. Increasing the activity of GABA is essentially what most anti-anxiety medications aim to do as well - pretty cool you can get the same effects by just changing your diet!


4. Ketones favor a more focused state
For the same reason ketones favor calmed brain activity, they also favor a more alert and focused state. As stated above, more GABA compared to glutamate in the brain favors a less stressed state, meaning there is less “noise” in the brain, allowing for greater focus and mental clarity.  This is why medium chain triglycerides (MCT) are marketed as a product that can increase focus and cognition - because they give the body ketones that can be used for fuel without having to be in actual ketosis from eating low carb.


5. Ketones are a more efficient source of energy
Ketones and glucose are both used as fuel by mitochondria to produce energy (aka ATP) - mitochondria are the part of a cell that takes fuel (either glucose or ketones) and manufactures energy from it. When comparing the output of energy produced from the use of ketones vs. glucose, more energy is produced when using ketones, thereby making it a more efficient fuel source. The presence of ketones also up-regulates the amount of mitochondria in cells, so more mitochondria means more energy produced. This is another reason for the improved focus and mental clarity seen with a ketogenic diet. 


6. Ketones act as antioxidants
Research has found that ketones act as antioxidants because they protect against oxidative damage from free radicals. When ketones are used to produce energy (by mitochondria) this process does not cause the release of free radicals, as does glucose when it is used to produce energy. Free radicals aka oxidative damage cause damage to cells and aid in the development of chronic disease, cancer, cognitive decline and other brain diseases, and aging. 


7. Ketones may prevent cancer growth
Compared to normal cells, cancer cells metabolize a much greater amount of glucose meaning they need more glucose to thrive. Cancer cells may preferentially use sugar to fuel their growth and proliferation, and research has shown that they may not be able to use ketones as fuel. Research has also shown greater response to chemotherapy when in a fasting state inducing ketosis. There is more research needed in this area, but ketones as a preventative measure for cancer is looking very promising! 


8. Greater absorption of nutrients
Major vitamin, antioxidants, and other nutrients need to be taken with fat to be able to be absorbed. This includes Vitamin D, Vitamin E, lycopene and beta-carotene such as in tomatoes, and the B vitamins.  Making sure you are taking in plenty of fats will ensure you are getting the most out of your food and supplements.  

9. Ketones are neuro-protective
Fueling the brain with ketones has shown to help with brain disorders such as seizures, brain cancer, Parkinson's Disease,  traumatic brain injury (TBI), and Alzheimer's Disease. There is a widely cited case of a physician who put her husband on a ketogenic diet as treatment of Alzheimer's disease and he improved within a couple of months. More research is needed on the direct effect of ketones for the prevention of diseases that affect the brain, but so far its looking very optimistic!

Side note: Ketones can supply up to 70% of the energy needed by the brain. It is true that your brain requires some glucose to function, but glucose can come from protein, it does not have to come from carbohydrates. It is a misconception that carbohydrates are necessary in your diet - they are not. Protein and fat are the two macronutrients your body definitely needs to manufacture all of the necessary components of the body.

All works cited can be found in the hyperlinks 

About the author: Sarah-Kate Rems is an Ivy-league trained Board-Certified Family Nurse Practitioner licensed in California and New York State with an expertise in preventative healthcare. She considers nutrition and exercise to be the basis of well-being and is a strong advocate for daily physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet. Sarah-Kate is also a co-founder of The Mindful Tech Lab

Looking for a healthy living cheat sheet? Our resident health expert serves up her 20 health and nutrition tips that everyone should know. Enjoy!
​
1. Non-fat or “skim milk” has a surprisingly high amount of sugar. Most brands have about 12 grams per cup – this is almost half the amount of total sugar that is recommended you ingest each day!

2. When you eat protein, you lose 20-30% of those calories to digestion. This means if you eat 100 calories of protein, you only absorb about 70 of those calories.

3. Wheat raises your blood sugar higher and faster than any other carbohydrate including table sugar.

4. Matcha is an excellent source of antioxidants, or “polyphenols,” which protect the body from harmful free-radicals and cellular damage.

5. Cold pressed juice is considered to be more nutrient dense compared to traditional centrifuged juice. This is because centrifugal juicers generate heat which can destroy enzymes, and also force in air which can compromise nutrients.

6. Cooking tomatoes drastically increases its lycopene content. Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant that decreases risk of heart disease and cancer.

7. Cheeses with the lowest amount of lactose are those that have aged the longest. The lower the lactose, the lower the chance of stomach upset from intolerance to lactose.

8. Fiber slows down digestion and makes you feel fuller longer. Healthy adults should aim or 25 grams of fiber per day.

9. Tuna is an excellent source of Vitamin B12, selenium, Vitamin B3 (niacin), and protein - about 20 grams of protein per 3 oz serving.

10. Fish with lowest amounts of mercury include salmon, black sea bass, scallop, shrimp, skate, tilapia, cod, oyster, and crab.

11. Getting enough magnesium may help prevent migraine headaches. Good sources of magnesium include almonds, spinach, and avocado.

12. Foods that are an even greater source of potassium than bananas include sweet potatoes, white potatoes, beets, and butternut squash.

13. Vitamin C helps to boost your immune function and protects against free radical damage. Good sources of Vitamin C include oranges, red peppers, and broccoli.

14. If you are sensitive to dairy products but you love butter, try clarified butter which is pure butterfat with the milk solids removed.

15. Tropical fruits are high in sugar. These include bananas, mangoes, and pineapples. Stick to a ½ cup serving when eating this type of high sugar fruit.

16. The best source of Vitamin D comes from the sun. The second best source is a supplement, and the third and lowest source are foods such as fatty fish, egg yolks, and beef liver.

17. An 8 oz cup of coffee can have between 95-200mg of caffeine. It is recommended to not exceed 400mg of caffeine per day for most individuals.​

18. Studies have found that just short bursts of exercise during the day can help with attention and focus. Aim for a fifteen minute walk at lunch to increase your energy for the afternoon.

19. Clutter can trigger your stress response. Avoid clutter in key areas such as your desk, your car, and in your bedroom.

20. A negative emotional state can express itself on your face as breakouts, dullness, and wrinkles. Practice being in the present for a happier emotional state and a better complexion.

**At The Mindful Tech Lab, we develop and market apps that are easily ingrained into your daily routine to deliver positive results. We are most known for our Facebook Messenger chatbots that help you live your best life, you can check them each out by clicking on their links: MotivateBot, MeditateBot, Daily FitBot, HealthyBot, Eat Clean Bot, StoicBot**

​Sarah-Kate Rems, NP
Co-founder, The Mindful Tech Lab - Check out all of our amazing apps to help improve your life here

I get questions from patients all the time about how to eat at a restaurant without derailing their diet. Of course cooking your own food is best because you can control everything that goes into it (not to mention you save a lot of money!) but when you want to be social and go to dinner that’s ok too!

​Here is what you should order when eating at a Mexican restaurant:

Appetizer:

• Guacamole - Carve out 2-3 spoon fulls onto your plate and dig in or add some salsa on top. Guacamole is full of healthy fats with zero carbs and will keep you much better satisfied than a basket of chips.
• Ceviche - This consists of raw fish (normally sushi grade) in citrus with maybe some diced tomatoes - you can’t get much healthier than that! This is a light, tasty, and low carb way to start your meal.

Main Course:

• Fajitas - With lots of grilled vegetables, pico de gallo, and salsa as a topping to add flavor. Skip the rice and tortillas and see if they can substitute in extra veggies instead. If you are going to keep the beans go for black beans rather than refried because they have gone through less processing and contain more fiber. If you are low carb, skip the beans and ask for a side of avocado or guacamole instead.
• Grilled chicken - With lots of vegetables. Skip the rice here as well, instead add add a side of avocado or black beans.
• Grilled fish - With lots of vegetables. Skip the rice here as well. Top with salsa or consider adding a side of avocado or black beans.

​Drink:

• Tequila on the rocks - A shot of tequila has around 70 calories and will take a longer time to sip.
• Skinny margarita - Tequila w/ soda and lime is great because you get the bubbles from the soda water and a hint of lime to pair with the tequila. This will also be easier to sip rather than a sugar bomb of a margarita - a margarita can have a whole days worth of sugar and calories! 
• Light beer - If you can’t see yourself not ordering a Mexican beer with your Mexican food, then go for a light version such as corona light.

Sarah-Kate Rems, NP
Co-founder, The Mindful Tech Lab - Check out all of our amazing apps to help improve your life here